Additives in food are as ubiquitous as they are nebulous. In our PrimaFoodie Ingredients Spotlight, we investigate common food additives to discover their origin, use, and purpose. Because just because something is edible doesn’t mean it’s healthy—or necessary.

What Is Potassium Bromate?

Potassium bromate is a white crystal chemical food additive. As its name suggests, it is a bromate of potassium—a bromate is a salt or ester of bromic acid that contains an ion that works as an oxidizer. 

Why Is Potassium Bromate Used?

Widely used in the baking industry, potassium bromate catches the eyes of mass manufacturers for its ability to enhance the texture of bread and other baked goods. Its oxidizing qualities cause the bread—and cakes, rolls, muffins, and other goods—to rise and feel fluffy.  

Historical accounts show that veterinarians used potassium bromate to treat animals with epilepsy, dating back to the 19th century.  

Where Is It Found?

This additive has genuinely been everywhere for decades. As mentioned, manufacturers have been adding it to mass-produced and packaged bread items, including:

• Pizza dough

• Bread

• Dinner and sandwich rolls

• Donuts, muffins, and other pastries

• English muffins

• Pretzels

• Crackers

• Cookies

What are the risks of potassium bromate?

California has been warning its residents about potassium bromate for years. In April 2023, the state's Assembly Committee on Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials approved a bill to ban potassium bromate in foods, along with four other chemicals. The state underscores its concern with studies, some of which date back decades, that show the chemical additive to be potentially toxic and carcinogenic.

Furthermore, the Environmental Working Group states that concerns around potassium bromate are widespread in other countries. The EWG says, "In 1999, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that potassium bromate is a possible human carcinogen. It is not allowed for use or is banned as a food additive in a number of countries, including the United Kingdom, Canada, Brazil, and the European Union."

Additionally, research also shows potassium bromate to be harmful when inhaled. 

The PrimaFoodie Take

California's bill to ban potassium bromate will go into effect in 2027. Until then, the state requires all manufacturers to post a warning label on their packaging when it includes the additive, which is part of the Proposition 65 food safety initiative.

Considering the research and banning of this additive, we avoid potassium bromate. Read your labels. If a bread or other product contains it, choose an alternative. Doing so supports our health and lowers the demand for this unnecessary and toxic additive.